Autism and the Rapid Evolution of Human Brain Cells

A new study suggests that autism may be linked to the rapid development of certain types of brain cells unique to humans. Researchers found that neurons in the outer layer of the human brain evolved much faster than those in other primates, with significant changes in autism-related genes.

Rapid Evolution of Human Neurons

The study explains that L2/3 IT neurons in humans evolved more rapidly than those in other primates. This rapid development is believed to be a result of natural selection specific to the human lineage.

Data analyzed through single-nucleus RNA sequencing across different species show a significant variation in the rate of evolution among species. The data indicate that the most abundant neurons in the modern cortex evolved at an exceptional rate in the human lineage compared to other primates.

Genetic Links to Autism

Autism-related genes have undergone dramatic changes unique to humans. These genetic changes may have supported the slow postnatal brain development and complex language abilities, while also increasing neurological diversity.

Furthermore, the capacity for language production and comprehension, characteristic of humans, is often affected by disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. This unique capacity in humans may result from the evolution of autism-related genes.

Evolutionary and Cognitive Impacts

From an evolutionary perspective, many unique cognitive traits in humans, including the ability to produce and understand language, may have been influenced by genetic changes associated with autism. These changes might have supported slower brain development after birth, allowing children more time for learning and complex thinking.

The findings suggest that some genetic changes that made the human brain unique also increased neurological diversity, enhancing our understanding of how unique cognitive abilities in humans evolved.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study indicates that genetic changes associated with autism have played a role in the evolution of the unique human brain and increased neurological diversity. These changes may have contributed to the development of unique cognitive abilities in humans, particularly regarding language and complex thinking. These results provide new insights into how the human brain evolved and enhance our understanding of the factors that shaped neurological diversity in humans.