Genetic Insights into Cannabis Use and Health Implications

With the widespread use of cannabis, questions about its long-term health effects are increasing. A recent study led by Professor Sandra Sanchez-Roige from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine investigated the relationship between genetic factors and traits contributing to cannabis use disorder.

Genome Analysis and Its Role in Understanding Cannabis Use

The researchers conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study using genetic data from 131,895 participants in 23andMe research. Participants were invited to answer surveys about their cannabis use and frequency. The study revealed that genetic factors play a role in determining the likelihood of individuals trying cannabis, their frequency of use, and the risk of addiction.

Dr. Abraham A. Palmer, Professor and Vice Chair for Basic Research in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, explained that genetic tools like genome-wide association studies help identify molecular systems linking cannabis use to brain function and behavior.

Genes Associated with Cannabis Use

The research identified two genes significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use. The first is CADM2, which plays a role in how neurons form connections and communicate in the brain. This gene has previously been linked to traits such as impulsivity, obesity, and cancer proliferation. The second gene, GRM3, affects how neurons communicate and how the brain adapts over time, and has been associated with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The study also showed that genes linked to cannabis use are associated with other genes related to psychological traits, cognitive abilities, and even physical health issues.

Potential Health Implications of Cannabis Use

The study compared genetic data associated with cannabis use with various health conditions, revealing genetic correlations with over 100 different traits, including psychological conditions, cognitive traits, and physical health. Among the psychological conditions linked are schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive traits include executive functions and risk-taking. Physical health conditions include diabetes, chronic pain, and coronary artery disease.

The study also indicated an increased risk of tobacco use, infectious diseases such as HIV and viral hepatitis, and immune diseases.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first genomic studies to examine behaviors preceding cannabis use disorder. The findings illustrate that cannabis use exists on a continuum of behaviors, and understanding the genetic risks associated can open the door to future prevention and intervention strategies. Although there are currently no approved pharmacological treatments for cannabis use disorder, the authors hope that the biological discoveries from the genome-wide association study will support future efforts to identify therapeutic targets and preventive strategies against this disorder.