In Simple Terms
In Europe, wildfires are causing old bombs from past wars to explode. These bombs were buried underground for many years. When wildfires occur, the heat makes them go off, which is dangerous for people and nature. Climate change is making these fires more common, and it’s a big problem.
A Legacy of Buried Explosives
Throughout the World Wars and the Cold War, many parts of Europe were used as military sites. These areas were left with large amounts of unexploded bombs buried underground for decades. Over time, these sites have become natural forests and wildlife habitats, turning them into ticking time bombs.
In Germany, for example, the northeastern forests were used for military training during the Cold War and are still filled with unexploded ordnance. Meanwhile, in France, old battlefields continue to reveal shells from World War I, which are collected every year after the fields are plowed.
Fires Trigger Explosions
When wildfires break out in these regions, the intense heat and pressure from the flames can cause the buried explosives to detonate. Normally, these bombs are stable unless exposed to extreme conditions, but long-lasting or intense fires can generate enough heat to set them off.
In the UK, wildfires in North Yorkshire have resulted in the explosion of more than 20 buried shells over a six-week fire period. Fires remove vegetation and expose these hidden explosives, increasing the risk of serious accidents.
Climate Change and Rising Wildfires
Climate change significantly contributes to the increasing number and intensity of wildfires in Europe. The number of summer days with ideal fire conditions has doubled between 1981 and 2025. With rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, this trend is expected to worsen.
It’s not just climate change; changes in land use and agricultural management also play a role. In some areas, abandoned farmland has led to an accumulation of vegetation, providing fuel for large fires.
Conclusion
Wildfires in Europe pose a dual threat by destroying natural environments and uncovering buried explosives from past wars. As climate change continues and fires become more severe, effective measures are needed to manage these crises and prevent future disasters.